الأرشيف

المواد

• وجهة نظرIndustrial Policy

  Each instrument of economic statecraft has its own published series and the doctrine meant to rank them has none

  Construction spending on manufacturing plant ran at 75 billion dollars a year in 2020 and 215 in 2025, while manufacturing output on a 2017 base of 100 ended the window at 97.3. Every instrument of statecraft has a published series, and the ranking that says which instrument yields when two collide has none.

  بقلم Jag DeSaint 1 سبتمبر 2026